Report for Sand Beach Harbor of Refuge N side E entrance (Michigan) - 1886

General
District: 11th
Inspector: Lighthouse Engineer
Location: Main light at Sand Beach - located at S end of Main breakwater pier 10' from inner wall & on N side of main entrance.
Date of Report: 02/03/1886
Latitude: 43° 50' 47"
Longitude: 82° 35' 45"
Premises
Site:
Date of Reservation:
Date of Deed:
Date of Permission:
Date of Lease:
Area of the Entire Site: Foundation 40' x 60'
Area Inclosed:
Character of Soil:
Distance of tower from Nearest High-Water Mark:
Inclosures to Premises / Type of Fence: Pier Railing composed of 2" wrought iron pipe & fittings & detachable chain railing at boat cranes
Wharf or Landing on Premises: Concrete pier
Road to Land or Wharf Chararacter of and Distance:
Means to Reach Light Station: By RR or steamboat to village of Sand Beach & from thence in Keeper's boat.
Distance to Nearest Road: 3000' to Jenk's wharf & 4350' to US Life Saving Station in village of Sand Beach, MI.
Distance to Post Office: About 1 mile - Sand Beach
Distance to Village: About 1 mile - Sand Beach
Facilities for Public Conveyance: None
Facilities for Private Conveyance: By boat from Sand Beach about 1 mile
Means Used for Support of Lantern: Cast iron tower
Number of Separate Lights: 1
First Built or Established: 1885
Last Rebuilt, Repaired, or Renovated:
Condition at This Date: New
Shape of Tower in Plan: Circular
Form of Tower:
Height from Base to Ventilator Ball: 44' 4"
Height of Focal Plane Above Mean High Water: 54' 4" (9/11/1885)
Background of Lighthouse as Seen from Sea:
Color of Tower: Brown
Color of Tower/ How Produced: Iron ore paint
Tower Connection: Keepers (3) occupy tower as dwelling.
Object of Navigation: Coast & harbor light at main entrance of harbor of refuge.
Building Materials: Iron, 1st 3 stories lined with brick & plastered with cement finish. 4th story, watchroom & lantern panels ceiled with beaded ceiling 7/8" thick.
General Description: Tower of cast iron, shell 3/4" thick.
Wall Thickness at Base: 12" brick lining laid in cement mortar.
Wall Thickness at Parapet: Ceiled with 7/8" ceiling.
Diameter at Base: 22'
Diameter at Parapet: 18'
Kind of Stairway and Steps: Cast iron circular continuous against brick lining.
Number of Landings: 3
Size of Glass: 20" x 20" circular windows 12" dia.
Number of Windows and Size of Sash: 8 - 20" x 20" & 15 circular sas 12" lights.
Number of Doors: 13
Kind of Foundation and Depth Below Surface: Substructure a timber crib filled with rubble stone to within 2' of lake level. Superstructure of concrete rising 10' above lake. Located in 28' of water.
Character of Soil Surrounding the Lighthouse: None
Soil Susceptibility: None
Miscellaneous Remarks: Pier is 40' wide x 60' long running parallel to breakwater & connected by wooden bridge 6' wide. There is a cellar under tower 16' dia, 7' deep having 12" wall separated from concrete by 6" space. Brick ctr pier supports cast iron floor plates & ctr cols.
Lantern and Fixtures
Order of Lantern: 4th
Shape of Lantern:
Diameter to Glass: 7'
Diameter in the Clear:
Number of Sides: 10
Type of Bars:
Thickness of Bars:
Height Glazed: 36"
Number of Plates in Height: One
Number of Plates Each Side: One
Thickness of Plates: 1/4"
Size of Plates: 26.5" x 36"
Number of Storm Panes: None
Unglazed Side of Lantern: None
What Bearings:
Construction Material Lantern: Cast iron
Construction Material Roof / Cowl: Cast iron lined with zinc 1/32" thick.
Ventilator / Cowl: Cast iron
Lightning Spindle: Wrought iron, brass fire gilded & platinum point 2" long.
Description of Lightning Rod: Pinnacle screwed to cowl by nut. Iron tower forms conductor to base where galv. iron wire rope 3/4" dia. is attached by means of eye bolt, rope leading over pier into lake. A 20# weight at lower end serves to keep wire in place.
Balustrade: Cast iron posts & wrought iron railing.
Lantern Doors: With 2 gun metal hinges & gun metal bolt.
Floor of Lantern: Cast iron
Watchroom Doors: Boiler plate trap door fitted with gun metal hinges, leading from wire ladder into lantern.
Parapet Diameter:
Ventilators
Location / Number: Lower part of lantern (4)
Ladders / Cleaning Arrangement: None - not necessary
Curtain Hooks / Hanger: 10 brass curtain hooks screwed into astragals.


Watchroom
How is Watchroom Fitted: Table & cupboard
How is Relief Called: None
Where is Call System Led:
Illuminating Apparatus
Kind of Apparatus: 5 hours
Intensity in Candles:
Name of Maker:
Year Made:
Marks and Number:
Order of Apparatus: 4th
Inside Diameter:
Light Characteristic: Fixed white varied by red flash every 90 sec.
Time of Revolution:
Flash Interval:
Duration of Flash:
Arc of Each Fixed Part: Fixed varied by flashes 360 degrees; lights entire horizon.
Number of Panels: 4
Number of Flash Panels:
Arc of Each:
Number of Elements in Central Drum:
Number of Prisms Above Center Drum: 6
Number of Prisms Below Center Drum: 3
Does Apparatus Revolve?: False
Is There a Revolving Belt?: False
Revolving Panels:
How Flash is Produced: By 2 panels of vertical elements revolving outside of fixed lens
Number of Vertical Elements Panel: 2
Fixed Lens Covered:
Pedestal: Cast iron
Service Table: Cast iron
Draft Tube Description: None
Revolving Machinery: Clockwork made by Stevens, Boston, MA
Standby and Description:
Chariot Float or Balls:
Chariot Description:
Length of Drop Tube: 15 1/4'
Clock Weight:
Length of Winding Time: 5 hours
Drive During Rewind:
Machinery Protection: Cast iron case
Regulated: By fly governor
Lens Protection:
How Color is Produced: By ruby screens attached to panels
Red Sectors Description:
Where Color Attached:
Form of Colored Glass:
Lamp Description: Hain's 1-wick mineral oil
Type of Illuminant: Mineral oil
Number of Spare Lamps: 2
Number of Spare Burners:
Candle Power:


Clock Cord Description
Revolving Cord:
Size of Clock Cord:
Length of Clock Cord:
How Led: Thru floor of lantern into drop tube.
Diameter and Length of Clock Drum:
Closets and Store Rooms
Tower Closet Use: 7 - fitted with shelves & hooks. 3 closets on 1st floor in brick lining of tower each fitted with 3 shelves 13.5" wide 3' long. 2 closets each in 2nd & 3rd stories, each fitted with 3 shelves & hooks.
Oil House Description: Oil room partitioned off in coal room under fog signal house - fitted with shelves.
Oil House Inside Dimension: 13' x 19'
Oil House Construction Material:
Oil House Capacity: Mineral oil in boxed cans arranged on shelves in Oil Room.
Other (Describe): Cellar & closets in tower to be used for this purpose: 1st story closets for kitchen use; 2nd & 3rd story for principal & asst keepers use. Cupboard in watchroom 4' wide x 4' deep.
Suitability:
Fog Signal General
Fog Signal Kind: 10" whistle & machinery in duplicate Lighthouse Board's design of January 1883 (no modifications)
Time to Start:
How Long Will Pressure Last:
Manufacturer:
Year of Manufacture:
Characteristic: 1 5-sec blast followed by an interval of 25 sec.
Duplication:
Timing Device:
If whistle, siren, or trumpet, Pressure at Which Blown:
Height Above Water:
Compass Direction:
Location: N of tower & within 3' of same. Guide to main harbor entrance during Fogs & Snowstorms
Distance and Direction: 3'
Water Supply: From Lake or 2 iron tanks over boilers.
Reached from Lighthouse:
Description of Fog Signal Building: Frame bldg 22 x 29' studding 6x6" sheathed with 2" planking placed diagonally on outside & ceiled with 1" flooring on inside, roof & sides covered with No. 18 corr. iron inside lined with No. 26 smooth iron walls filled with lime & sawdust.
Pressure And Recording Gauge:
Steam Signal
Steam Boiler: Return tubular
Kind: 4" x 9" vertical engine
Tube:
Dimensions:
Length: 4'
Diameter: 42"
Tube Description:
Steam Tube Diameter:
Steam Furnace Kind:
Furnace Length:
Furnace Width:
Furnace Height:
Steam Heat Surface:
Steam Grate Surface:
Number of Grate Bars:
Kind of Grate Bars:
Steam Fuel:
Steam Safety Valve:
Steam Maximum Pressure:
Steam Working Pressure:
Steam Diameter of Smokestack:
Smokestack Height:
Drum Dimension:
Steam Drum Diameter:
Steam Covering:
Steam Boiler Condition:
Steam Boiler Built:
Where Built:
Manufacturer:
Steam Heater: False
Kind:
Size:
Heater Time Affect:
Steam Engine Kind:
Steam Engine Revolutions:
Steam Engine Cyl. Diameter:
Steam Engine Piston Stroke:
Steam Engine Pipe Size:
Steam Engine When Built:
Steam Engine Where Built:
Manufacturer:


Whistle Signal
Whistle Diameter: 10"
Whistle Height: 18"
Whistle Orifice:
Whistle Tone:
Whistle Chime:
Dwelling
Location: In tower
Coloring:
Construction Materials:
Number of Rooms:
Number of Dwellings:
Heating Plant:
Number of Keepers:
Furnished Quarters:
NOT Furnished Quarters:
Outhouses:
Outhouse Coloring:
Paths and Walks:
Area Inclosed:
Area of Garden:
Area Timber or Shrubbery:
Cultivation Area Available:
Area Cultivated:
Character of Surroundings:
Stove, Maker:
Stove, Size:
Sink, Maker:
Sink, Size:
Pump, Maker:
Pump, Size:
Lamps:
Water
How Procured: From Lake
Quality: Good
Quantity: Ample
Injury Possible: No
Purity Precaution: None
Tank Capacity: 2 tanks for fog signal 3' dia x 4' high total cap'y 423 gal.
Tank Material: None
Distilling Apparatus: False
Distilling Manufacturer:
Well Description:
Well Diameter:
Well Lining:
Pump or Bucket: Pump & bucket from lake.
What Power Used:
Distance from Dwelling:
Miscellaneous
Access to Lighthouse: Wrought iron boat crane located on E face of lighthouse pier facing breakwater pier. Top of pier has concrete finish with 3" pitch from base of tower & signal house.
Distance and Direction:
Miscellaneous Remarks: To prevent damage by vessels colliding with pier, SW corner protected by 3 heavy steel rails bent to fit corner & securely spiked to timber. As protection against ice, channel side & part of harbor sides covered with 3/8" plate iron 6' wide (3' abv & blw)